EFFECT OF ALCOHOL ON THE MEMBRANES.
The parts which initial suffer from alcohol are those expansions of the body that the anatomists call the membranes. “The skin is a membranous envelope. Through the whole of the alimentary surface, from the lips downward, and through the bronchial passages to their minutest ramifications, extends the mucous membrane. The lungs, the heart, the liver, the kidneys are folded in delicate membranes, that will be stripped simply from these parts. If you are taking some of bone, you will find it easy to strip faraway from it a membranous sheath or covering; if you examine a joint, you will realize both the top and therefore the socket lined with membranes. The full of the intestines are enveloped in a very fine membrane known as peritoneum . All the muscles are enveloped in membranes, and also the fasciculi, or bundles and fibres of muscles, have their membranous sheathing. The brain and spinal cord are enveloped in 3 membranes; one nearest to themselves, a pure vascular structure, a network of blood-vessels; another, a thin serous structure; a third, a strong fibrous structure. The eyeball could be a structure of colloidal humors and membranes, and of nothing else. To finish the outline, the minute structures of the vital organs are enrolled in membranous matter.”
These membranes are the filters of the body. “In their absence there may be no building of structure, no solidification of tissue, nor organic mechanism. Passive themselves, they, nevertheless, separate all structures into their respective positions and adaptations.”
Membranous deteriorations.
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In order to create perfectly clear to your mind the action and use of these membranous expansions, and also the manner in which alcohol deteriorates them, and obstructs their work, we have a tendency to quote once more from Dr. Richardson:
“The animal receives from the vegetable world and from the earth the foods and drinks it requires for its sustenance and motion. It receives colloidal food for its muscles: flamable food for its motion; water for the solution of its various parts; salt for constructive and other physical purposes. These have all to be arranged within the body; and they’re arranged by means of the membranous envelopes. Through these membranes nothing will pass that’s not, for the time, in a state of aqueous resolution, like water or soluble salts. Water passes freely through them, salts pass freely through them, but the constructive matter of the active parts that is colloidal does not pass; it’s retained in them till it’s chemically decomposed into the soluble kind of matter. When we take for our food a little of animal flesh, it is 1st resolved, in digestion, into a soluble fluid before it will be absorbed; in the blood it is resolved into the fluid colloidal condition; within the solids it is laid down at intervals the membranes into new structure, and when it has played its part, it’s digested once more, if I might therefore say, into a crystalloidal soluble substance, prepared to be carried away and replaced by addition of recent matter, then it is dialysed or undergone, the membranes into the blood, and is disposed of in the excretions.
“See, then, what an all-important half these membranous structures play in the animal life. Upon their integrity all the silent work of the building of the body depends. If these membranes are rendered too porous, and released the colloidal fluids of the blood the albumen, for example the body therefore circumstanced, dies; dies as if it were slowly bled to death. If, on the contrary, they become condensed or thickened, or loaded with foreign material, then they fail to allow the natural fluids to have them. They fail to dialyse, and also the result’s, either an accumulation of the fluid during a closed cavity, or contraction of the substance inclosed within the membrane, or dryness of membrane in surfaces that must be freely lubricated and kept apart. In previous age we see the effects of modification of membrane naturally induced; we tend to see the fixed joint, the shrunken and feeble muscle, the dimmed eye, the deaf ear, the enfeebled nervous function.
“It could probably appear, at initial sight, that I’m leading immediately off from the subject of the secondary action of alcohol. It’s not so. I am leading directly to it. Upon of these membranous structures alcohol exerts an immediate perversion of action. It produces in them a thickening, a shrinking and an inactivity that reduces their useful power. That they may work rapidly and equally, they need to be in any respect times charged with water to saturation. If, into contact with them, any agent is brought that deprives them of water, then is their work interfered with; they cease to separate the saline constituents properly; and, if the evil that’s thus started, be allowed to continue, they contract upon their contained matter in no matter organ it might be situated, and condense it.
“In brief, under the prolonged influence of alcohol those changes which take place from it in the blood corpuscles, extend to the other organic elements, involving them in structural deteriorations, which are invariably dangerous, and are often ultimately fatal.”
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